Renowned researcher Marcia S. Brose, MD, PhD, examines the growing family of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) being used to treat patients with RAI-refractory progressive differentiated thyroid cancer. Dr. Brose was the principal investigator for the clinical trials that resulted in the first FDA approval for a TKI, sorafenib, a drug that can halt the progression of RAI-refractory disease for months or years. Dr. Brose’s discussion also includes a review of combination sorafenib/everolimus, demonstrated to extend progression-free survival in patients who progressed on sorafenib alone, and of the newer agents vemurafenib and cabozantinib, currently in clinical studies.